{"id":241009,"date":"2024-05-31T10:11:48","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T09:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/?p=241009"},"modified":"2025-09-30T11:19:01","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T10:19:01","slug":"la-huella-de-carbono-del-pescado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/es-es\/la-huella-de-carbono-del-pescado\/","title":{"rendered":"La huella de carbono del pescado"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00bfEs el pescado m\u00e1s sostenible que la carne? Analizamos su huella de carbono en este post. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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IMAGEN: AdobeStock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Los debates sobre la dieta y su impacto medioambiental suelen centrarse en las vacas, que son (sin tener culpa de ello) los animales que en mayor medida contribuyen a las emisiones de gases que afectan al cambio clim\u00e1tico. Sin embargo, no son las \u00fanicas. El impacto de los peces \u2013tanto los criados en cautividad como los capturados en su medio natural – ha comenzado a ganar protagonismo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo contribuye la pesca de arrastre al cambio clim\u00e1tico?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El oc\u00e9ano es el mayor sumidero de carbono del mundo y absorbe aproximadamente el 31 % de las emisiones globales de CO2 cada a\u00f1o. Los manglares, los bosques de algas y las praderas marinas tambi\u00e9n desempe\u00f1an un papel en la captura de carbono, pero est\u00e1n siendo destruidos para satisfacer la demanda mundial de pescado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aunque estos son problemas graves que deben abordarse, es la pesca de arrastre lo que causa la mayor devastaci\u00f3n ambiental. Las redes de gran peso que se utilizan dejan marcas irreparables en el fondo marino, grietas que liberan importantes cantidades de carbono acumulado de nuevo al oc\u00e9ano. Si el oc\u00e9ano se encuentra saturado con di\u00f3xido de carbono proveniente del lecho marino, se reduce su capacidad para absorber CO2 de la atm\u00f3sfera. Un estudio de 2024 estim\u00f3 que entre 8,5 y 9,2 mil millones de toneladas de CO2 se han liberado por la pesca de arrastre entre 1996 y 2020.

Los investigadores tambi\u00e9n encontraron que el 55-60% del CO2 liberado por los arrastreros estar\u00e1 en la atm\u00f3sfera dentro de nueve a\u00f1os. Un estudio de 2021 publicado en la revista\u00a0Nature\u00a0<\/a>(en ingl\u00e9s) calcul\u00f3 que el impacto anual del arrastre equivale a una gigatonelada de carbono, que es m\u00e1s que todo lo generado por las emisiones de la industria aeron\u00e1utica. Pero los da\u00f1os que provoca la pesca de arrastre no terminan aqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Imagen: AdobeStock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La captura accidental acelera el cambio clim\u00e1tico<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Las redes de los arrastreros son inmensas; algunas son lo suficientemente grandes como para contener 10 aviones jumbo en su interior, y arrastran a cualquier criatura que tenga la mala suerte de cruzarse en su camino. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un estudio de 2019 llevado a cabo por el\u00a0Fondo Monetario Internacional\u00a0revel\u00f3 que la protecci\u00f3n de las especies marinas de gran tama\u00f1o es m\u00e1s importante para el medioambiente que plantar \u00e1rboles, ya que como estos animales acumulan carbono en sus organismos durante sus vidas, cuando fallecen, los residuos de carbono quedan almacenados en sus cuerpos, que quedan depositados en el lecho marino.

Hay cient\u00edficos que ya han nombrado estas pr\u00e1cticas destructivas como \u00a8deforestaci\u00f3n marina\u00bb por el enorme da\u00f1o que provocan. Si acab\u00e1ramos con la pesca, acabar\u00edamos con la captura accidental, lo que permitir\u00eda que el carbono quede almacenado en estas criaturas de gran tama\u00f1o y los dep\u00f3sitos de carbono en el suelo marino se mantengan intactos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfy las piscifactor\u00edas?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ser\u00eda tentador pensar que las piscifactor\u00edas son la soluci\u00f3n al impacto clim\u00e1tico de la industria pesquera pero no es el caso, ya que muchos peces criados en cautividad, en particular el salm\u00f3n y la trucha, son alimentados con peces capturados en la naturaleza. El salm\u00f3n de piscifactor\u00eda, por ejemplo, tiene una huella de carbono mayor que la del pollo o el pavo y genera m\u00e1s de 4 kg de emisiones de carbono por kilogramo de salm\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aproximadamente la mitad del pescado consumido hoy en d\u00eda proviene de piscifactor\u00edas, y estas est\u00e1n lejos de ser ecol\u00f3gicas. Como todos los animales de granjas industriales, los peces viven en condiciones de hacinamiento e insalubridad y se les administran distintos medicamentos para tratar de controlar los virus, bacterias y par\u00e1sitos. Estos medicamentos son t\u00f3xicos y causan una grave contaminaci\u00f3n en el medio natural. Un informe encontr\u00f3 que la contaminaci\u00f3n con uno de estos pesticidas t\u00f3xicos en los lagos escoceses hab\u00eda aumentado en un 72% en solo un a\u00f1o.8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuando el investigador de la Universidad de Oxford, Joseph Poore, desarroll\u00f3 el mayor estudio hasta la fecha sobre el impacto ambiental de diferentes alimentos, se sorprendi\u00f3 por el\u00a0impacto de las piscifactor\u00edas de agua dulce<\/a>, que proveen dos tercios del mercado asi\u00e1tico para esa variedad de pescado y el 96% del mercado europeo.

Poore se\u00f1al\u00f3 en\u00a0The Guardian<\/a>\u00a0(en ingl\u00e9s): \u201cTienes a todos estos peces generando desechos como deposiciones y alimento sin consumir que se van al fondo de los estanques, donde casi no hay ox\u00edgeno, convirti\u00e9ndolo en el ambiente ideal para la producci\u00f3n de gas metano.\u201d El metano es un potente gas de efecto invernadero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfEs sostenible la industria pesquera?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sacar un gran n\u00famero de animales de su h\u00e1bitat causa un da\u00f1o significativo a los ecosistemas. Provoca el colapso de poblaciones enteras, lo que desencadena el colapso de las especies que dependen de ellas para alimentarse y un aumento en el n\u00famero de especies que son presa de ellas. De esta manera, todo el sistema ecol\u00f3gico se desestabiliza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A esto hay que a\u00f1adir la destrucci\u00f3n del fondo marino, las monta\u00f1as submarinas y los arrecifes de coral por parte de los arrastreros y la contaminaci\u00f3n por pl\u00e1sticos, que en gran parte proviene de la industria pesquera y empezamos a ver la inmensidad del da\u00f1o causado por nuestro consumo excesivo de pescado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La reconocida bi\u00f3loga marina Dra. Sylvia Earle dice: \u201cHe buscado exhaustivamente, en serio, tratando de encontrar un ejemplo de una extracci\u00f3n a gran escala de vida silvestre que sea sostenible. Simplemente no existe.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El impacto clim\u00e1tico del pescado de piscifactor\u00eda es mucho mayor que el de los alimentos de origen vegetal, como el tofu, los frutos secos y las legumbres. Para proteger nuestro planeta, sus habitantes y nuestro futuro, deber\u00edamos elegir vegetales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre c\u00f3mo elegir alternativas vegetales al pescado, consulta nuestra campa\u00f1a \u00abCome sin peces\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referencias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gruber, Nicolas, et al. \u201cThe Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2 from 1994 to 2007.\u201d Science, vol. 363, no. 6432, 14 Mar. 2019, pp. 1193\u20131199, www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aau5153<\/a>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aau5153<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atwood, Trisha B, et al. \u201cAtmospheric CO2 Emissions and Ocean Acidification from Bottom-Trawling.\u201d Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 10, 18 Jan. 2024, www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1125137\/<\/a>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1125137<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sala, Enric, et al. \u201cProtecting the Global Ocean for Biodiversity, Food and Climate.\u201d Nature, vol. 592, no. 592, 17 Mar. 2021, pp. 397\u2013402, www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03371-z<\/a> , https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03371-z<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chami, Ralph, et al. \u201cNature\u2019s Solution to Climate Change.\u201d International Monetary Fund, Dec. 2019, www.imf.org\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2019\/12\/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McVeigh, Karen. \u201cCarbon Released by Bottom Trawling \u201cToo Big to Ignore\u201d, Says Study.\u201d The Guardian, 18 Jan. 2024, www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2024\/jan\/18\/carbon-released-by-bottom-trawling-too-big-to-ignore-says-study<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environmental Working Group. \u201cMeat Eater\u2019s Guide to Health and Climate.\u201d EWG, 2011, static.ewg.org\/reports\/2011\/meateaters\/pdf\/ewg_meat_eaters_guide_to_health_and_climate_2011.pdf. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wild Fish. \u201cResponsibly Farmed? Investigating the Certification of Scottish Farmed Salmon.\u201d Wild Fish, Sept. 2023, https:\/\/wildfish.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Responsibly-Farmed-Investigating-the-certification-of-Scottish-farmed-salmon.pdf<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edwards, Rob. \u201cFury as Fish Farm Pesticide Pollution Rises 72% in a Year.\u201d The Ferret, 7 Oct. 2020, theferret.scot\/fish-farm-pesticide-pollution-rise-2019\/. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Food and Agriculture Organization. \u201cFAO Fisheries & Aquaculture.\u201d FAO, www.fao.org\/fishery\/en\/fishstat<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environmental Justice Foundation. \u201cFarming the Sea, Costing the Earth: Why We Must Green the Blue Revolution.\u201d EJF, 2004, https:\/\/ejfoundation.org\/resources\/downloads\/Farming-Sea-Costing-Earth-ok.pdf<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN Environmental Programme. \u201c5 Facts about Mangroves and Why We Must Protect Them.\u201d UNEP-WCMC, 26 July 2020, www.unep-wcmc.org\/news\/5-facts-about-mangroves-and-why-we-must-protect-them<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carrington, Damian. \u201cAvoiding Meat and Dairy Is \u201cSingle Biggest Way\u201d to Reduce Your Impact on Earth.\u201d The Guardian, 20 Nov. 2018, www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2018\/may\/31\/avoiding-meat-and-dairy-is-single-biggest-way-to-reduce-your-impact-on-earth<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WWF. \u201cStop Ghost Gear: The Most Deadly Form of Marine Plastic Debris.\u201d 2020, https:\/\/files.worldwildlife.org\/wwfcmsprod\/files\/Publication\/file\/3c1g4qur2t_ADVOCACY_REPORT_singles.pdf?_ga=2.216641302.1449930867.1665414123-384548275.1665414122<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Greenpeace. \u201cGhost Gear: The Abandoned Fishing Nets Haunting Our Oceans.\u201d Greenpeace, 2019, www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-international-stateless\/2019\/11\/8f290a4f-ghostgearfishingreport2019_greenpeace.pdf<\/a>. Accessed 28 May 2024.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00bfEs el pescado m\u00e1s sostenible que la carne? Analizamos su huella de carbono en este post. Los debates sobre la…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":174,"featured_media":241010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1694,1695],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-241009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animales-es","category-medio-ambiente-es"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa huella de carbono del pescado - Veganuary<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfEs el pescado m\u00e1s sostenible que la carne? 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