{"id":180512,"date":"2023-05-26T23:01:31","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T22:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/?p=180512"},"modified":"2024-12-30T16:35:14","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T16:35:14","slug":"sienten-dolor-las-langostas-y-los-cangrejos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/es\/sienten-dolor-las-langostas-y-los-cangrejos\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfSienten dolor las langostas y los cangrejos?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00bfSienten dolor las langostas? \u00bfEs cruel comer cangrejos? En este blog exploramos la vida de los crust\u00e1ceos capturados como alimento. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existe la creencia generalizada de que las langostas, los cangrejos y otros crust\u00e1ceos dec\u00e1podos utilizados como alimento no tienen sistema nervioso y, por tanto, no pueden sentir dolor. Sin embargo, las pruebas de que estos animales sienten son innegables. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya sean cortados, hervidos vivos o mutilados de otras formas, las langostas y los cangrejos sufren enormemente para que los humanos se los coman. A pesar de ser capturados en grandes cantidades, los crust\u00e1ceos siguen sin estar protegidos por las leyes de bienestar animal en todo el mundo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo se pescan las langostas y los cangrejos? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El m\u00e9todo m\u00e1s utilizado por las pesquer\u00edas brit\u00e1nicas, por ejemplo, es el denominado “potting”, que consiste en colocar nasas (redes de pesca pasiva) con cebo para atrapar animales como cangrejos, langostas y langostinos.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9stos entran en las nasas para recoger el cebo y se les impide escapar, pero las especies m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as, que no son el objetivo, pueden escapar y volver al mar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una vez que las nasas caen al lecho marino, pueden permanecer entre unas horas y varios d\u00edas antes de que los pesqueros las recuperen. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Crab
Image Credit: AdobeStock.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

En el Reino Unido, las capturas de langosta no est\u00e1n limitadas, lo que conlleva un riesgo considerable de sobrepesca. Seg\u00fan la Marine Conservation Society, existen lagunas en los datos sobre las poblaciones de cangrejo y langosta en el Mar de Irlanda, el Canal de la Mancha oriental y Escocia, lo que dificulta determinar si las especies son objeto de sobrepesca o no. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, los datos disponibles muestran que la mayor\u00eda de las poblaciones de langosta y cangrejo pardo son inferiores a lo que ser\u00eda saludable, y que los niveles generales de pesca est\u00e1n por encima de lo que se considera sostenible. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Revisa m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre c\u00f3mo perjudican al medio ambiente los m\u00e9todos de pesca modernos<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00d3MO SE TRANSPORTAN Y ALMACENAN? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los crueles m\u00e9todos de transporte y almacenamiento perjudican gravemente a animales como langostas, cangrejos, gambas y cigalas, que son extremadamente vulnerables a los cambios dr\u00e1sticos de temperatura y a la exposici\u00f3n al aire. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Est\u00e1n hacinados en cajas de transporte junto a muchos otros, lo que no es natural para animales solitarios que prefieren el espacio abierto y son conocidos por ser territoriales. Los que se hacinan en el fondo de las cajas de almacenamiento corren un mayor riesgo de perder extremidades y asfixiarse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s de ser despojados de la capacidad de expresar sus comportamientos naturales, sufren hambre y deshidrataci\u00f3n durante este traum\u00e1tico proceso. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan las investigaciones, los cangrejos pueden tener las pinzas atadas durante el almacenamiento, lo que restringe gravemente sus movimientos y provoca la p\u00e9rdida de masa muscular. Algunos cangrejos pueden estar almacenados en estas condiciones durante meses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EXTRACCI\u00d3N DE LAS PINZAS Y MUTILACI\u00d3N <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los cangrejos capturados para el consumo humano son desespinados manualmente para que la gente consuma la carne que contienen, una experiencia estresante que aumenta la mortalidad. Las investigaciones tambi\u00e9n demuestran que los cangrejos desespinados son conscientes de sus heridas y pueden intentar cur\u00e1rselas, lo que indica su capacidad para sentir dolor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el Reino Unido, es legal devolver los cangrejos al mar despu\u00e9s de quitarles las pinzas para que les vuelvan a crecer, pero est\u00e1 demostrado que esto afecta a su bienestar, les impide alimentarse eficazmente y dificulta su capacidad para defenderse de los depredadores. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00bfSIENTEN DOLOR LAS LANGOSTAS CUANDO SE LAS HIERVE VIVAS? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Antes se pensaba que los crust\u00e1ceos no sent\u00edan dolor, pero que pod\u00edan mostrar respuestas reflejas a est\u00edmulos desagradables (lo que se denomina nocicepci\u00f3n). Sin embargo, cada vez hay m\u00e1s pruebas que demuestran que las langostas y otros crust\u00e1ceos sienten dolor y deber\u00edan considerarse sintientes, al igual que los vertebrados. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuando se sumergen langostas vivas en una olla de agua hirviendo, sus colas se retuercen y tratan desesperadamente de escapar, lo que indica que se trata de una experiencia dolorosa y aterradora para ellas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las langostas producen la hormona cortisol, la misma hormona que producen los humanos cuando se sienten heridos. Las investigaciones tambi\u00e9n demuestran que las langostas pueden estar vivas hasta tres minutos despu\u00e9s de ser arrojadas al agua hirviendo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En un estudio, los investigadores instalaron dos refugios para cangrejos de orilla: en uno se les dio una descarga el\u00e9ctrica, mientras que el segundo refugio era seguro. Los cangrejos que permanec\u00edan en el primer refugio recib\u00edan otra descarga cuanto m\u00e1s tiempo permanec\u00edan all\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los investigadores observaron que era m\u00e1s probable que los cangrejos eligieran el refugio seguro y permanecieran all\u00ed, lo que sugiere que los cangrejos no s\u00f3lo reaccionan a los est\u00edmulos, sino que pueden recordar experiencias dolorosas e intentar\u00e1n evitarlas de nuevo en el futuro. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay otros m\u00e9todos para sacrificar langostas, como congelarlas o aturdirlas antes de hervirlas, que se consideran m\u00e1s “humanos”, pero lo m\u00e1s amable es dejar a estas incre\u00edbles criaturas fuera de nuestros platos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Parlamento brit\u00e1nico ha revisado la Ley de Bienestar Animal (Sentience) de 2022 para incluir a los moluscos cefal\u00f3podos y los crust\u00e1ceos dec\u00e1podos, tristemente ignorados y olvidados con demasiada frecuencia. Hervir langostas vivas ya es ilegal en Noruega, Suiza y Nueva Zelanda, y esperamos que esto ocurra en el Reino Unido y en el resto del mundo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfCU\u00c1LES SON LAS ALTERNATIVAS? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El veredicto es claro: los peces sienten dolor, al igual que otros animales acu\u00e1ticos, incluidos los crust\u00e1ceos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los crust\u00e1ceos son animales \u00fanicos con muchos comportamientos fascinantes. \u00bfSab\u00edas que los cangrejos pueden comunicarse agitando las pinzas, que los langostinos pueden tener personalidad o que las langostas pueden vivir hasta 100 a\u00f1os? Estas complejas criaturas merecen vivir su vida de forma natural en lugar de ser capturadas y vendidas como manjares. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fa puedes marcar la diferencia eligiendo la creciente gama de alternativas veganas al marisco. Nunca ha sido tan f\u00e1cil encontrar alternativas deliciosas, y si quieres ponerte creativo en la cocina, puedes hacer rollitos de langosta a base de plantas, tofish o sushi vegano. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si deseas m\u00e1s ayuda para sustituir el marisco por productos vegetales, consulta nuestra campa\u00f1a #ComeSinPeces<\/a> o inscr\u00edbete gratis aqu\u00ed<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referencias<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. The Fish Society (n.d.). A guide to lobster. [online] The Fish Society. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.thefishsociety.co.uk\/fishopedia\/lobster [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Statista (n.d.). Crab: annual sales volume UK 2022. [online] Statista. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/512590\/crab-sales-volume-united-kingdom-uk\/ [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Marine Conservation Society. (n.d.). The lowdown on crab and lobster in the UK. [online] Disponible en: https:\/\/www.mcsuk.org\/news\/the-lowdown-on-crab-and-lobster-in-the-uk\/ [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Barrento, S., Marques, A., Vaz-Pires, P. and Nunes, M.L. (2010). Live shipment of immersed crabs Cancer pagurus from England to Portugal and recovery in stocking tanks: stress parameter characterization. ICES Journal of Marine Science, [online] 67(3), pp.435\u2013443. Disponible en: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icesjms\/article\/67\/3\/435\/733388 [Accessed 22 May 2022].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Barrento, S., Marques, A., Vaz-Pires, P. and Nunes, M.L. (2010). Live shipment of immersed crabs Cancer pagurus from England to Portugal and recovery in stocking tanks: stress parameter characterization. ICES Journal of Marine Science, [online] 67(3), pp.435\u2013443. Disponible en: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icesjms\/article\/67\/3\/435\/733388 [Accessed 22 May 2022].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Esposito, G., Nucera, D. and Meloni, D. (2018). Retail Stores Policies for Marketing of Lobsters in Sardinia (Italy) as Influenced by Different Practices Related to Animal Welfare and Product Quality. Foods, [online] 7(7), p.103. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/7\/7\/103 [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Patterson, L., Dick, J.T.A. and Elwood, R.W. (2007). Physiological stress responses in the edible crab, Cancer pagurus, to the fishery practice of de-clawing. Marine Biology, [online] 152(2), pp.265\u2013272. Disponible en: https:\/\/pure.qub.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/physiological-stress-responses-in-the-edible-crab-cancer-pagurus- [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Patterson, L., Dick, J.T.A. and Elwood, R.W. (2009). Claw removal and feeding ability in the edible crab, Cancer pagurus: Implications for fishery practice. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, [online] 116(2-4), pp.302\u2013305. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0168159108002104 [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. McCambridge, C., Dick, J.T.A. and Elwood, R.W. (2016). Effects of Autotomy Compared to Manual Declawing on Contests between Males for Females in the Edible Crab Cancer pagurus: Implications for Fishery Practice and Animal Welfare. Journal of Shellfish Research, [online] 35(4), pp.1037\u20131044. Disponible en: https:\/\/pureadmin.qub.ac.uk\/ws\/portalfiles\/portal\/121336077\/effects_of_autonomy_combined.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Patterson, L., Dick, J.T.A. and Elwood, R.W. (2009). Claw removal and feeding ability in the edible crab, Cancer pagurus: Implications for fishery practice. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, [online] 116(2-4), pp.302\u2013305. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0168159108002104 [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Davis, G.E., Baughman, D.S., Chapman, J.D., MacArthur, D., and Pierce, A.C. (1978). Mortality associated with declawing stone crabs, Menippe mercenaria. South Florida Research Center, [online] Report T-552, 20 pp. Disponible en: https:\/\/ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu\/FI\/44\/44\/00\/02\/00001\/FI44440002.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Villazon, L. (n.d.). Why are lobsters cooked alive and do they feel pain? [online] BBC Science Focus Magazine. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/nature\/why-are-lobsters-cooked-alive-and-do-they-feel-pain\/ [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Elwood, R.W. and Appel, M. (2009). Pain experience in hermit crabs? Animal Behaviour, [online] 77(5), pp.1243\u20131246. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0003347209000712 [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. Magee, B. and Elwood, R.W. (2013). Shock avoidance by discrimination learning in the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is consistent with a key criterion for pain. Journal of Experimental Biology, [online] 216(3), pp.353\u2013358. Disponible en: https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/216\/3\/353\/11942\/Shock-avoidance-by-discrimination-learning-in-the [Accessed 22 May 2023].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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