{"id":72229,"date":"2019-09-05T19:33:58","date_gmt":"2019-09-05T18:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=83810"},"modified":"2021-08-31T18:04:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-31T17:04:34","slug":"cerdos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/es\/cerdos\/","title":{"rendered":"Cerdos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>M\u00e1s inteligentes que los gatos y los perros, con quienes compartimos nuestros hogares, los cerdos dom\u00e9sticos son capaces de resolver problemas, aprender palabras y frases, jugar al ordenador, y mucho m\u00e1s.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77581\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77581\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-77581 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-captivity.jpg\" alt=\"cerdos\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-captivity.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-captivity-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-captivity-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-captivity-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77581\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto cortes\u00eda de AdobeStock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Diferentes experimentos llevados a cabo por expertos en comportamiento animal de la <strong>Universidad de Cambridge<\/strong> [i] han revelado la habilidad de los cerdos para realizar procesos cognitivos complejos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><strong>Los cerdos son animales muy sensibles e inteligentes a los que les encanta explorar su entorno<\/strong>, sobre todo por su olfato y o\u00eddo. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Con un sentido del olfato fant\u00e1stico (mejor que el de los perros) tienen unas aptitudes asombrosas para buscar comida, y, en su entorno natural, pasar\u00e1n horas deambulando, explorando los alrededores.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[ii]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0<strong>Son animales muy sociales<\/strong>, les gusta el contacto f\u00edsico, jugar entre ellos y formar v\u00ednculos afectivos. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Les encanta dormir juntos y son muy vocales, salud\u00e1ndose entre ellos entusi\u00e1sticamente, roz\u00e1ndose con el hocico y gru\u00f1endo. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><strong>En contra del mito popular, los cerdos son muy limpios<\/strong> y ubicados en su espacio vital muy bien organizado; y <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">si pueden, separar\u00e1n las \u00e1reas de ba\u00f1o, comida y sue\u00f1o. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Como no tienen gl\u00e1ndulas sudor\u00edparas, revolcarse en barro les ayuda a estar frescos y a proteger su delicada y p\u00e1lida piel del sol. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(\u00a1Te dijimos que eran inteligentes!)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La realidad de los cerdos<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"videoWrapper\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-WSXLoMHWyo\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Manipulaci\u00f3n y mutilaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los siguientes procesos son muy habituales en la industria c\u00e1rnica en el Reino Unido:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Inseminaci\u00f3n artificial y electroeyaculaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El proceso de inseminaci\u00f3n comienza confinando a una cerda en una jaula donde se la estimula exponi\u00e9ndola a un macho. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Luego se introduce un cat\u00e9ter en su vagina para depositar el semen recogido. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Durante este proceso, que puede durar hasta cinco minutos, la cerda tiene el movimiento restringido.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thepigsite.com\/focus\/pic\/3418\/artificial-insemination-insemination-technique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Descole y lima de dientes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Se sujeta a los cochinillos por sus patas traseras o por las caderas, mientras se utiliza una hoja o tenazas calientes para quitarles la cola.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bpex.org.uk\/downloads\/301880\/300498\/Work%20Instruction%2017.%20Tail%20docking.pdf\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[v]<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00a0 normalmente se les quitan los cuatro colmillos con unas tijeras especiales o se les liman.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">En este video puedes ver c\u00f3mo se realizan los procedimientos:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"videoWrapper\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JoZ1_ZcpeLI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La industria defiende que estos procedimientos son necesarios para evitar que los cerditos se hieran entre ellos. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, <strong>este problema de comportamiento es muy inusual entre animales que viven libres<\/strong>; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">solo es un problema que ocurre debido a las condiciones de vida estresantes en cautividad, donde la sobrepoblaci\u00f3n, la falta de comida, un mal control de la temperatura y el aburrimiento son habituales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Castraci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A menudo se castra a los cerditos machos para que sea m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil manejarlos y conseguir que engorden. Se puede hacer sin ning\u00fan tipo de medio que alivie el dolor a los cerditos, normalmente menores de 7 d\u00edas.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Marcaje<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Hay que marcar a casi todos los cerdos con la identificaci\u00f3n de su reba\u00f1o. Normalmente es un proceso muy doloroso, en que se les colocan etiquetas, se les cortan o tat\u00faan las orejas.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77595\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77595\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-77595 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/farmed-pig.jpg\" alt=\"cerdos\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/farmed-pig.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/farmed-pig-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/farmed-pig-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/farmed-pig-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77595\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto cortes\u00eda de WeAnimals<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Destete temprano y separaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p>En la naturaleza, el destete es un proceso gradual que no se puede acelerar, y normalmente dura tres o cuatro meses. <strong>En las granjas, la separaci\u00f3n temprana de madres e hijos les causa un gran estr\u00e9s<\/strong>. Es muy com\u00fan que lloren y se llamen entre ellos hasta un tiempo despu\u00e9s de ser separados.\u00a0[vi]<\/p>\n<p>Como todas las hembras de la industria alimentaria, el ciclo de embarazo y separaci\u00f3n se repite <strong>hasta que el sistema reproductivo de la cerda se agota y su cuerpo no puede soportar esta presi\u00f3n<\/strong>. Los granjeros las consideran un \u201cgasto\u201d, y <strong>las sacrificar\u00e1n<\/strong> para producir productos c\u00e1rnicos de baja calidad, como salchichas y pasteles de carne.<\/p>\n<h2>Transporte<\/h2>\n<p>Se transporta a los cerdos grandes distancias, normalmente en condiciones de muy mala ventilaci\u00f3n y control de la temperatura, antes de llegar al matadero. Como los cerdos son muy sensibles a las altas temperaturas y a la humedad, <strong>este viaje tan estresante puede hacer que mueran de un infarto<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77626\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77626\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-77626 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-transportation-es-1-1200x800.jpg\" alt=\"cerdos\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-transportation-es-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-transportation-es-1-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-transportation-es-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-transportation-es-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-transportation-es-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/veganuary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pig-transportation-es-1.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77626\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto cortes\u00eda de AdobeStock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Matadero<\/h2>\n<table width=\"615\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\"><strong>Animal<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"137\"><b>Esperanza de vida natural (de media)<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"327\"><b>Edad habitual a la que se sacrifican<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Cerdos<\/td>\n<td width=\"137\">15\u00a0a\u00f1os<\/td>\n<td width=\"327\">3-6\u00a0meses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Durante el proceso de matanza, se aturde a los cerdos y luego se encadenan y se cuelgan boca abajo por las patas traseras. Luego se les corta el cuello.<\/p>\n<h3>Referencias\u00a0(en ingl\u00e9s)<\/h3>\n<p>[i]\u00a0Broom, D. M., 2009. \u2018Pigs learn what a mirror image represents and use it to obtain information\u2019. <em>Animal Behaviour, <\/em>78(5) pp.1037-1041.<\/p>\n<p>[ii]\u00a0RSPCA, 2013. <em>The welfare of pigs.<\/em> [pdf] Disponible en: http:\/\/www.rspca.org.uk\/servlet\/BlobServer?blobtable=RSPCABlob&amp;blobcol=urlblob&amp;blobkey=id&amp;blobwhere=1109267162618&amp;blobheader=application\/pdf\u00a0[Consultado el 9 de septiembre de 2014].<\/p>\n<p>[iii]\u00a0Watson, L., 2004. <em>The whole hog: exploring the extraordinary potential of pigs. <\/em>Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[iv] El sitio del cerdo, <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">t\u00e9cnica de inseminaci\u00f3n. <\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[En l\u00ednea] Disponible en: <\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thepigsite.com\/focus\/pic\/3418\/artificial-insemination-insemination-technique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">http:\/\/www.thepigsite.com\/focus\/pic\/3418\/artificial-insemination-insemination-technique<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> [Consultado el 9 de septiembre de 2014].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[v] BPEX, 2011. <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Instrucci\u00f3n de trabajo 17:<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Acoplamiento <\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">de cola<\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[pdf] Disponible en: <\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bpex.org.uk\/downloads\/301880\/300498\/Work%20Instruction%2017.%20Tail%20docking.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">http:\/\/www.bpex.org.uk\/downloads\/301880\/300498\/Work%20Instruction%2017.%20Tail%20docking.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> [Consultado el 9 de septiembre de 2014].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[vi] Weary, DM, y Fraser, D., 1995. Llamadas por lechones dom\u00e9sticos: \u00bfse\u00f1ales confiables de necesidad? <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Comportamiento animal. <\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">50 (4), 1047-1055.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e1s inteligentes que los gatos y los perros, con quienes compartimos nuestros hogares, los cerdos dom\u00e9sticos son capaces de resolver&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":77581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[647],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animales"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cerdos | Veganuary<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Los cerdos son animales muy sensibles e inteligentes a los que les encanta explorar su entorno, sobre todo por su olfato y o\u00eddo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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