{"id":112298,"date":"2021-06-10T16:24:16","date_gmt":"2021-06-10T15:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/?p=112298"},"modified":"2022-02-01T12:39:32","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T12:39:32","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-viande-cultivee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-viande-cultivee\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est-ce que la viande cultiv\u00e9e\u2009?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Depuis quelque temps, la viande cultiv\u00e9e<\/a> attise les curiosit\u00e9s. De quoi s\u2019agit-il\u2009? Comment est-elle produite\u2009? Est-elle vegan\u2009? Veganuary r\u00e9pond \u00e0 vos questions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Image
Image: AdobeStock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La viande cultiv\u00e9e, aussi parfois appel\u00e9e viande de culture, viande in vitro ou \u00ab\u2009viande propre\u2009\u00bb (clean meat<\/em>), est compos\u00e9e des m\u00eames tissus animaux que la viande conventionnelle. Mais contrairement \u00e0 cette derni\u00e8re, qui n\u00e9cessite l\u2019\u00e9levage et l\u2019abattage d\u2019animaux, la viande cultiv\u00e9e est produite \u00e0 partir d\u2019un petit nombre de cellules plac\u00e9es dans un milieu riche en nutriments \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d\u2019un incubateur o\u00f9 elles vont rapidement se multiplier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9, on obtient un produit comestible qui a l\u2019aspect et le go\u00fbt de la viande et se cuisine de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on parce que, du point de vue biologique, il s\u2019agit bien de viande. La principale diff\u00e9rence est qu\u2019aucun animal n\u2019est tu\u00e9 pour la produire. Toutefois, il est encore actuellement n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019impliquer un petit nombre d\u2019animaux dans le processus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les toutes premi\u00e8res cellules utilis\u00e9es pour lancer le processus de r\u00e9plication proviennent en effet d\u2019animaux. Ces cellules peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9lev\u00e9es par biopsie (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019un tr\u00e8s petit morceau de chair est retir\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re indolore \u00e0 un animal vivant) ou directement sur une plume, de sorte qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire de tuer un animal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019ailleurs, le tout premier produit \u00e0 base de viande cultiv\u00e9e disponible dans le commerce (les nuggets de poulet de la marque Eat Just, d\u00e9sormais en vente \u00e0 Singapour) est pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de cellules provenant d\u2019une plume qu\u2019a perdue naturellement un poulet nomm\u00e9 Ian. Celui-ci a fini ses jours dans un refuge. Quelques cellules suffisent pour lancer le processus. Ainsi, un \u00e9chantillon de la taille d\u2019un grain de poivre pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 sur une vache pourrait produire 88\u2009000 burgers, de sorte que le nombre d\u2019animaux impliqu\u00e9s dans la collecte de cellules est minime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement de la viande cultiv\u00e9e s\u2019est appuy\u00e9 sur l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un milieu d\u2019origine animale, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du s\u00e9rum f\u0153tal bovin, qui provient du sang d\u2019un f\u0153tus de vache. Cependant, de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour produire des milieux de croissance sans utilisation d\u2019animaux. Eat Just cultive ses cellules de poulet dans un milieu v\u00e9g\u00e9tal riche en nutriments, comme le font \u00e9galement d\u2019autres entreprises telles que Mosa Meat et Aleph Farms, qui cultivent toutes deux du b\u0153uf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La viande cultiv\u00e9e est-elle vegan\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Non. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que la viande cultiv\u00e9e est constitu\u00e9e de tissus animaux, on ne peut pas consid\u00e9rer qu\u2019elle est vegan. Cependant, les personnes qui sont vegan afin de ne pas contribuer \u00e0 la souffrance animale peuvent tout \u00e0 fait d\u00e9cider d\u2019en manger si elles consid\u00e8rent qu\u2019aucun animal n\u2019a souffert au cours du processus. Il en est de m\u00eame pour les personnes qui sont vegan pour des raisons environnementales, car l\u2019impact \u00e9cologique de la viande cultiv\u00e9e devrait \u00eatre nettement inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui de l\u2019\u00e9levage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La viande cultiv\u00e9e \u00e9tant constitu\u00e9e de tissus animaux, elle contient des graisses satur\u00e9es, du cholest\u00e9rol et d\u2019autres composants que l\u2019on trouve dans la viande conventionnelle. Ainsi, elle ne pr\u00e9sente pas n\u00e9cessairement les m\u00eames avantages pour la sant\u00e9 qu\u2019un r\u00e9gime alimentaire 100 % v\u00e9g\u00e9tal \u00e9quilibr\u00e9. Le processus de production st\u00e9rile et l\u2019absence d\u2019\u00e9levages \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle devraient en revanche permettre de limiter le risque de futures pand\u00e9mies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la production de viande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devrait-on soutenir la viande cultiv\u00e9e si on est vegan\u2009?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Oui\u2009! Toutes les personnes qui sont vegan pour r\u00e9duire la souffrance animale ou prot\u00e9ger la plan\u00e8te devraient soutenir la viande cultiv\u00e9e, m\u00eame si elles ne souhaitent pas elles-m\u00eames en manger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que le v\u00e9ganisme gagne en popularit\u00e9 et que le nombre de personnes vegan augmente depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, la plupart des gens continuent malheureusement de manger de la viande. Pendant ce temps, la population mondiale augmente, et la consommation de viande et de produits laitiers dans le monde cro\u00eet avec elle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que conscientes de la souffrance des animaux dans les \u00e9levages intensifs et de la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement caus\u00e9e par la production de viande, de nombreuses personnes ne sont pas encore pr\u00eates \u00e0 arr\u00eater de consommer des produits d\u2019origine animale. La viande cultiv\u00e9e pourrait satisfaire leur envie de manger de la viande sans avoir \u00e0 en passer par l\u2019\u00e9levage ou l\u2019abattage d\u2019animaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9tudes indiquent que l\u2019impact environnemental de la viande cultiv\u00e9e serait \u00e9galement nettement inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui des animaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s et abattus pour la production de viande conventionnelle. Une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par des scientifiques d\u2019Oxford et de l\u2019universit\u00e9<\/a> d\u2019Amsterdam estime que la viande de culture est \u00ab\u2009potentiellement [\u2026] beaucoup plus efficace et respectueuse de l\u2019environnement\u2009\u00bb et qu\u2019elle ne g\u00e9n\u00e9rerait que 4 % d\u2019\u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, r\u00e9duirait les besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la production de viande jusqu\u2019\u00e0 45 %, et ne n\u00e9cessiterait que 2 % des terres utilis\u00e9es par l\u2019industrie mondiale de la viande et du b\u00e9tail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La vision de Veganuary<\/a> est celle d\u2019un monde sans \u00e9levages et sans abattoirs. Un monde o\u00f9 la production alimentaire ne d\u00e9cime pas les for\u00eats, ne pollue pas les rivi\u00e8res et les oc\u00e9ans, n\u2019aggrave pas le changement climatique et ne conduit pas les populations d\u2019animaux sauvages \u00e0 l\u2019extinction. La viande cultiv\u00e9e pourrait jouer un r\u00f4le crucial pour faire de cette vision une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Pour les milliards d\u2019animaux qui souffrent chaque ann\u00e9e dans l\u2019industrie de la viande et pour notre plan\u00e8te au bord de l\u2019effondrement, cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ne saurait se concr\u00e9tiser trop t\u00f4t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Depuis quelque temps, la viande cultiv\u00e9e attise les curiosit\u00e9s. De quoi s\u2019agit-il\u2009? Comment est-elle produite\u2009? Est-elle vegan\u2009? Veganuary r\u00e9pond \u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":106908,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-style-de-vie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u2019est-ce que la viande cultiv\u00e9e\u2009? | Veganuary<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sur cette page, retrouvez plus d\u2019informations sur la viande cultiv\u00e9e, aussi appel\u00e9e viande de culture, la fa\u00e7on dont elle est produite et si elle est vegan.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-viande-cultivee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que la viande cultiv\u00e9e\u2009? 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