{"id":75698,"date":"2016-08-16T17:38:18","date_gmt":"2016-08-16T16:38:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/high-blood-pressure\/"},"modified":"2022-08-30T12:37:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T11:37:10","slug":"hypertension-arterielle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veganuary.com\/fr\/hypertension-arterielle\/","title":{"rendered":"Hypertension art\u00e9rielle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En France, environ un adulte sur trois souffre d\u2019hypertension art\u00e9rielle. De nombreuses \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent que les v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens, et les vegan en particulier, ont une tension art\u00e9rielle inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des personnes qui mangent de la viande.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Hypertension
Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

L\u2019hypertension art\u00e9rielle est un facteur de risque important des maladies cardiaques, des accidents vasculaires c\u00e9r\u00e9braux et de l\u2019insuffisance r\u00e9nale. Tout comme le diab\u00e8te, elle est souvent qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab bombe \u00e0 retardement \u00bb. Dans une \u00e9tude de l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 sur la charge mondiale de morbidit\u00e9 (Global Burden of Disease 2010), l\u2019hypertension a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant le principal facteur de risque mondial de d\u00e9c\u00e8s et d\u2019ann\u00e9es de vie corrig\u00e9es de l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 (AVCI, ou DALY en anglais).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les \u00e9tudes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 maintenant sugg\u00e8rent que le principal impact positif d\u2019une alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tarienne est sur la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire. Plusieurs \u00e9tudes d\u2019observation ont en effet montr\u00e9 que le v\u00e9g\u00e9tarisme est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une diminution de plusieurs facteurs de risque de ces maladies, notamment l\u2019hypertension, le cholest\u00e9rol total et le cholest\u00e9rol LDL, les taux de triglyc\u00e9rides, la glyc\u00e9mie \u00e0 jeun ainsi que le risque de diab\u00e8te. <\/p>

Une alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tarienne est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) plus faible et un risque r\u00e9duit de syndrome m\u00e9tabolique, deux autres importants facteurs de risque. Il n\u2019est donc pas \u00e9tonnant que ces effets se traduisent par une diminution du risque d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements cardiovasculaires. \u00bb <\/p>(L\u2019Observatoire de la pr\u00e9vention de l\u2019Institut de cardiologie de Montr\u00e9al)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dans un article<\/a> de 2017, des chercheurs examinent des donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et la gestion de l\u2019hypertension. Ils concluent:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab que suivre une alimentation principalement ou exclusivement v\u00e9g\u00e9tale semble avis\u00e9 pour la pr\u00e9vention et le traitement de l\u2019hypertension. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

En mars\u00a02018, le Journal of Clinical Cardiology<\/em> a publi\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019un essai o\u00f9 des patients devaient suivre une alimentation sans aucun produit d\u2019origine animale pendant quatre semaines. Une baisse significative de leur pression art\u00e9rielle, ainsi qu\u2019une baisse de leur taux de cholest\u00e9rol et d\u2019autres marqueurs de maladies cardiovasculaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2014, une m\u00e9ta<\/a>–<\/a>analyse<\/a> publi\u00e9e dans le Journal of the American Medical Association<\/em> a montr\u00e9 que \u00ab suivre une alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tarienne est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une tension art\u00e9rielle plus basse. Ce type d\u2019alimentation pourrait s\u2019av\u00e9rer utile afin de r\u00e9duire la tension art\u00e9rielle de fa\u00e7on non pharmacologique \u00bb. (Une m\u00e9ta-analyse utilise une approche statistique qui permet de combiner les r\u00e9sultats de plusieurs \u00e9tudes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2012, une \u00e9tude transversale<\/a> publi\u00e9e dans Public Health Nutrition<\/em> a compar\u00e9 la tension art\u00e9rielle de non-v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens, de flexitariens, de pesco-v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens et de vegan. Les r\u00e9sultats de cette \u00e9tude sugg\u00e8rent que les vegan ont le risque d\u2019hypertension le plus faible. Ils indiquent \u00e9galement que pour chaque \u00e9tape de r\u00e9duction de la consommation de produits d\u2019origine animale (de non-v\u00e9g\u00e9tarien jusqu\u2019\u00e0 vegan) le risque d\u2019hypertension diminue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2016, l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie de nutrition et de di\u00e9t\u00e9tique am\u00e9ricaine, la plus grande association de nutritionnistes au monde, a publi\u00e9 sa position<\/a> au sujet des alimentations v\u00e9g\u00e9tariennes. Elle conclut :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab La position de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie de nutrition et de di\u00e9t\u00e9tique est que l\u2019alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tarienne bien planifi\u00e9e, y compris v\u00e9g\u00e9talienne, est saine, ad\u00e9quate sur le plan nutritionnel et peut \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour la pr\u00e9vention et le traitement de certaines maladies. <\/p>

Cette alimentation est appropri\u00e9e \u00e0 toutes les p\u00e9riodes de la vie, notamment la grossesse, l\u2019allaitement, la petite enfance, l\u2019enfance, l\u2019adolescence, le troisi\u00e8me \u00e2ge, et pour les sportifs. Les alimentations v\u00e9g\u00e9tales sont plus durables pour l\u2019environnement que l\u2019alimentation riche en produits animaux, car elles utilisent moins de ressources naturelles et ont un impact bien moindre sur l\u2019environnement. <\/p>

Les v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens et les v\u00e9g\u00e9taliens sont moins susceptibles de souffrir de certaines maladies, y compris les cardiopathies isch\u00e9miques, le diab\u00e8te de type 2, l\u2019hypertension, certains types de cancer et l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9. <\/p>

Un apport faible en graisses satur\u00e9es et une consommation \u00e9lev\u00e9e de l\u00e9gumes, fruits, c\u00e9r\u00e9ales compl\u00e8tes, l\u00e9gumineuses, produits \u00e0 base de soja, noix et graines (tous riches en fibres et en phytonutriments) caract\u00e9risent l\u2019alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tarienne et v\u00e9g\u00e9talienne qui entra\u00eenent des taux inf\u00e9rieurs de cholest\u00e9rol total et de cholest\u00e9rol LDL et un meilleur contr\u00f4le de la glyc\u00e9mie. <\/p>

Ces facteurs contribuent \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des maladies chroniques. Les v\u00e9g\u00e9taliens ont besoin de sources fiables de vitamine B12<\/sub>, comme les aliments enrichis ou les compl\u00e9ments. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En France, environ un adulte sur trois souffre d\u2019hypertension art\u00e9rielle. De nombreuses \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent que les v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens, et les vegan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":79327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[965],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sante"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHypertension art\u00e9rielle | Veganuary<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"De nombreuses \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent que les v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens, et les vegan en particulier, ont une tension art\u00e9rielle inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des personnes qui mangent de la viande.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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